Consultando:

# cat /etc/default/keyboard 
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
 
# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
 
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us"
XKBVARIANT="intl"
XKBOPTIONS=""
 
BACKSPACE="guess"

Para alterar execute:

# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# /etc/init.d/keyboard-setup restart

# cat /etc/default/keyboard 
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
 
# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
 
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="br"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS=""
 
BACKSPACE="guess"

# loadkeys ­-d br­-abnt2

ou

# system-config-keyboard

Para listar:

# localectl status
   System Locale: LANG=pt_BR.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: n/a
      X11 Layout: us-acentos

Para listar os mapas:

# localectl list-keymaps | grep ^br
br-abnt
br-abnt2
br-latin1-abnt2
br-latin1-us

Para alterar:

# localectl set-keymap br-abnt2

# localectl status
   System Locale: LANG=pt_BR.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: br-abnt2
      X11 Layout: br
       X11 Model: abnt2
     X11 Options: terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp